the prince machiavelli analysis essay

• Power in “The Prince” Book by Niccolò Machiavelli Words: 1154
• Machiavelli’s Qualities of Ideal Ruler Words: 1551
• The Essence of Machiavelli’s Book “The Prince” Words: 953
• Does Machiavelli Favor Cruelty by Political Leaders? Words: 1389
• Erasmus and Machiavelli on a Renaissance Prince Words: 582
• Political Power in Machiavelli’s The Prince Words: 1155
• A Virtuous Ruler by Niccolò Machiavelli Words: 857
• Machiavelli’s Claims on Good Leadership in The Prince Words: 675
• Machiavelli’s “The Prince” in Various Interpretations Words: 667
• Views on Political Realism of Machiavelli and Hobbes Words: 1948
• Machiavelli’s The Prince in Renaissance Context Words: 1416
• Niccolò Machiavelli’s Refusal to Become the Prince: An Analysis of His Political Philosophy Words: 5523
• Machiavelli’s The Prince: Political Virtue or Unethical Governance? Words: 314

Machiavelli’s The Prince: Essay Example

Niccolo machiavelli as a diplomat & thinker, the prince by machiavelli: a handbook for rulers.

• What Should a Prince Be an Expert at?

According to Machiavelli, what should a prince be an expert at? Keep reading to find out! In this The Prince essay example, you’ll find the summary, information about Machiavelli’s early life, and answers to frequent questions about The Prince by Machiavelli.

In the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, Italy was in an unfavorable position. It was divided into small parts. Rome, Florence, Genoa, Venice, and other parts of the country were all independent warring states. The country was at war with such powerful states as modern-time France and Spain.

In such conditions, the most topical question was: how to strengthen the country’s power? Great thinkers of the epoch tried to find the right answer. One of the most outstanding authors of his century was Niccolo Machiavelli. In his essay “The Prince,” he wrote down a strategy for the ruler to succeed.

Who was Machiavelli? He is famous as a diplomat, philosopher, and writer. His best-known masterpiece is The Prince that he wrote in 1513. Niccolo contributed to Western thinking through a number of other essential discourses, too. He wrote a lot about the principles of warfare and diplomacy.

For many years, he served as a high-ranking official in the Florentine Republic. For example, in the years 1498 – 1512, he worked as secretary of the second chancellor. At that time, the powerful dynasty of Medici was not in power in Florence. Machiavelli witnessed how Medici II re-gained power by helping the Spanish forces defeat Florence. Machiavelli was expelled from the citystate of Florence for a year. In 1513, he went to prison. He was released after three weeks. He was engaged in diplomatic and military affairs.

Apart from his “serious” theses, Machiavelli wrote some comedies, carnival songs, and poems. His personal letters are a valuable source of information for historians and scholars.

From the facts that we know, Machiavelli seemed never to consider himself a philosopher. He even denied some philosophical studies. Neither was he satisfied with the standard model of academic philosophy. His writings were not always systematic and consistent. Instead of pure logical analysis, he often turns to experience and examples.

However, Machiavelli is usually listed among political philosophers. He tried to emphasize a pure political pragmatism. He focused on existential questions, too. Philosophers all over the world are eager to study and discuss his ideas.

The existence of the term “Machiavellianism” proves the importance of the thinker’s ideas. The term is rather widespread in both political and business spheres. It challenges the entire tradition of political philosophy. It gives a different perspective on the motives and actions of rulers.

As a diplomat and thinker, Machiavelli offers some advice to the new Prince Lorenzo de’ Medici. “The Prince” essay gives a set of practical solutions in a turbulent political environment. The principles written down by Machiavelli were meant to help the Prince become influential and respected.

Lorenzo was the nephew of Giovanni de’ Medici (also known as Leo X). In 1516, Lorenzo became the duke of Urbino. The new ruler needed to develop a specific strategy to build up Florence’s prosperity. Lorenzo did not appreciate Machiavelli’s suggestions.

By the time Lorenzo came into power, the previous rulers’ mistakes had led to Italy’s division. Machiavelli recommends learning from others’ mistakes. He develops a strategy for quite an authoritarian ruler. The thinker advises the Prince to modify his ruling style. He claims that combining different methods in ruling the state is more effective. This should help the Prince expand the empire and make people from all over the state loyal to him.

Why Did Machiavelli Advocate the Use of Force by a Ruler?

Niccolo Machiavelli was a prominent diplomat and thinker. He lived in an epoch when Italy was divided into numerous independent and warring states. Moreover, the country was attacked by foreign conquerors. Machiavelli explained that the Prince’s objective was to restore the country’s prosperity. He emphasized that any means are acceptable to accept the goal, including the use of force.

According to the author, there are two main ways to gain and keep power: “Either through fortune or through strength.” The view is a bit simplified and idealistic. However, at the time people achieved power either by overthrowing others or inheriting the throne. It was too early for moral and ethical considerations to play a crucial role. Democracy was not accessible at the epoch.

Let us consider the tips proposed by Machiavelli in more detail. Conquering power through wars implies cruelty. Despite innocent victims, Machiavelli claims that it is an appropriate means to gain and keep power. The thinker gives a horrible recommendation to make sure that the previous ruler has no heirs.

In his essay, Machiavelli reflects on how love and fear help a ruler preserve power. Any leader needs obedience and loyalty of their subordinates. According to the author, Lorenzo should know how to make people like him and be afraid of him at the same time. That is arguably the main objective of a new ruler.

While everyone is unique, Machiavelli does not focus on their differences. For a ruler, it is not necessary to view their subjects as individuals. Instead, Machiavelli refers to a group of subordinates.

What regards the laws, taxes, and so on, Machiavelli argues that the new ruler should not change anything. He recommends preserving the old way of life that people are used to. Most people should be OK with it. People do not like changes. Keeping things as-is is said to be the best way for new rulers to establish hereditary possessions.

Those who served in the previous ruler’s military should become loyal to the new leader. That is a vital component of preserving the gained power. Machiavelli looks at those people as “subjects.” The function of the subjects was to help the ruler keep powerful. To accomplish this objective, military people need to protect the borders of the kingdom. The diplomat supports the use of military methods to strengthen power. Naturally, this can also protect the country.

The concept mentioned above implies that the ruler should be more artful and astute than his subjects. Otherwise, those who should obey might rebel. Meanwhile, subjects must protect the strong leader, fear his power, and avoid any confrontation with him.

Machiavelli comes up with animal metaphors to illustrate his suggestions.

When people describe someone cunning and sly, they compare that person to a fox. He believes that a ruler should possess the qualities of a fox in order to succeed. A good and wise prince should know how to win, even if the methods are not direct and just. Honesty and sincerity are not the essential qualities for a ruler, according to the thinker.

In the meantime, foxes are not the strongest animals. A lion is way more imposing and seems to have more power. Lions are often called the kings of all animals. When it comes to inspiring fear and respect, a lion is a better example for a prince.

According to Machiavelli, What Should a Prince Be an Expert at?

What is the best motive for the subjects to keep loyal to the rule? Should it be love or fear? Machiavelli claims that the ruler must inspire both fear and love. This might be challenging, of course. But the wisdom of any ruler is in finding that balance.

According to Machiavelli, those who cannot secure their position through both love and fear should choose the one they are more confident about. In the meantime, choosing one does not exclude the other. While using fear as the main source of power, the Prince should strive to win sympathy. If a ruler cannot make people love him, he will at least need to ensure he is not hated.

Another thing a prince should be an expert at is controlling the quality of the army. The soldiers should be organized and should know the rules well. Machiavelli claims that a good army reflects good laws. Sometimes fidelity of subjects is better protection for the state than a new fortress.

He notes that leaders must consider the interests of the state first. Being an expert at prioritizing is very beneficial for a ruler. He claims that a great leader aims at their state’s prosperity. The ultimate goal for Florence of that time was uniting different Italian states. Accordingly, any methods were acceptable on the way to this. But personal gains could not become the objective.

While Machiavelli emphasizes the role of a strong leader, he also recommends having wise advisors. Lorenzo di Medici was not experienced enough to run the state just on his own. That was especially true for the tough period and the crisis that Florence was going through.

The Prince: Essay Conclusion

Niccolo Machiavelli suggests how to run a state in a volatile political situation. Many recommendations imply perceiving the subjects as instruments for gaining prosperity. Some points justify cruelty as long as it takes place for a “sacred” purpose. In Machiavellianism, gaining power (victory) is the ultimate goal. Any means to reach the goal are acceptable.

A present-day reader might be unpleasantly surprised at that perception. However, Machiavelli lived in a  different epoch. He did not even realize how many moral and ethical topics he touched upon. Years after The Prince essay appeared, ruthless rulers and representatives of business abused Machiavelli’s concepts to justify their actions.

Niccolò Machiavelli and “The Prince”: Carson-Newman University. Web.

Machiavelli’s The Prince: Still Relevant after All These Years (Boston University)

Niccolò Machiavelli: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

War and Politics in the Thought of Machiavelli (Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History). Web.

Niccolo Machiavelli: Kent State University

What can you learn from Machiavelli? Yale Insights

Niccolò Machiavelli: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

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Niccolò Machiavelli

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

The Prince: Introduction

The prince: plot summary, the prince: detailed summary & analysis, the prince: themes, the prince: quotes, the prince: characters, the prince: symbols, the prince: theme wheel, brief biography of niccolò machiavelli.

Historical Context of The Prince

Other books related to the prince.

• Full Title: The Prince
• When Written: 1513-1514
• Where Written: Machiavelli's farm at Sant' Andrea in Percussina, seven miles south of Florence
• When Published: Manuscript copies of The Prince began to circulate in and around Florence circa 1516; printed versions first appeared in 1532.
• Literary Period: Italian Renaissance
• Genre: Political treatise
• Setting: Renaissance Italy
• Climax: Machiavelli urges Lorenzo dé Medici to use the tactics and strategies outlined in The Prince to unify war-ravaged Italy.
• Antagonist: The "malice" of fortune; inept rulers
• Point of View: First-person narration by Machiavelli

Extra Credit for The Prince

What's in a name? The adjective "Machiavellian" derives from Machiavelli's name, referring to a person who uses cunning tricks and dishonesty to achieve his ends. First appearing in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1626, the word came into use following the widespread circulation of The Prince . "Machiavellian" is also used as a psychological term, referring to a personality type that tends towards manipulation and exhibits a lack of empathy.

The Machiavelli Fan Club. Among The Prince's many well-known devotees were English monarch Henry VIII, French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, American president John Adams, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

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An Analysis of Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince

Welcome to the "Ways In" section of this Macat analysis. This is an introductory section, summarising the most important points of this work in one 10-minute read. Macat's Analyses are definitive studies of the most important books and papers in the humanities and social sciences. Each analysis is written by an academic specialist in the field. Each one harnesses the latest research to investigate the influences that led to the work being written, the ideas that make it important, and the impact that it has had in the world. A powerful resource for students, teachers and lifelong learners everywhere, our analyses are proven by the University of Cambridge to improve critical thinking skills. Read the whole of this analysis and explore our library at www.macat.com.

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The practicability of Niccolo Machiavelli's ideas The Prince has generated series of controversies among past and contemporary scholars. To some, the book is of the devil and has created more problems than it intends to resolve. To others, the ideas in the book are perfect description of the true nature of politics and political elites in the society. This paper attempts to resolve the lingering controversies through a critical analysis of the underlying factors that influenced the writing of this political treatise by Machiavelli. It is argued that the socio-cultural milieu of a philosopher cannot be separated from his philosophical idea. Also, the paper argues that to properly understand and interpret the logic behind the ideas in The Prince, one must first understand the socio-cultural environment under which Machiavelli and his political ideas developed and took shape.

A short essay on Machiavelli's classic work, The Prince.

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The Prince’ by Niccolo Machiavelli Literature Analysis Essay (Book Review)

Reason for writing the book, profiling of characters, value of the book, recommending the book, works cited.

After going through a rigorous educational system, Machiavelli qualified to work as a banker in one of the financial institutions in Rome. He went back in his hometown of Florence whereby he came across various injustices being meted out to innocent citizens who had lived peacefully for several years. The Medici family was expelled together with other oligarchs who had ruled the city-state for several years. The traditional governance system was replaced by a complex religious leadership structure that forced the locals to abide by rules that were unfamiliar to them.

Foreign powers, such as France, Spain, and Britain, were interested in taking over a number of the country’s city-states in order to gain political and economical power, something that never augured down well with Machiavelli forcing him to publish a book titled The Prince outlining the way in which the political leadership of the country could get rid of foreigners and restore glory.

By then, Florence, Milan, Venice, and Naples were all under the control of foreigners. The hostility among the various powers had resulted in chaos in the country because violence and blackmail were some of the valued tricks and strategies as far acquiring new territories was concerned. Machiavelli returned in the place of birth in 1494, the same year in which Charles VIII of France launched an offensive towards Italy.

The French government continued with the trend forcing Machiavelli to write the book urging his fellow countrymen to unite with an aim of fighting the common enemy. Since he was highly educated and well-travelled, Machiavelli was made the senior official of the Florence government serving as the head of the second chancery and secretary to the council of the Ten for War.

By then, no person was allowed to criticize the papal leadership and this was proved when Pope Alexander VI excommunicated Savanorola for trying to compete with the authority. Machiavelli was encouraged to write his book when he was sent to France on official duty as the top diplomat. His position as the country’s representative in France allowed him to meet frequently with Pope Alexander and the new king, Louis XII.

The top leaders in the hierarchy of the church influenced Machiavelli’s reasoning on politics and leadership, encouraging him further to publish a book. Machiavelli established that brutality, cunningness, viciousness, and dictatorship characterized the lives of French officials and these could be some of the things that made them excel in their leadership positions.

Borgia was one of the French strategists who pleased Machiavelli and he believed the leader had all the qualities needed in bringing the Italian people together to fight for their survival in the highly turbulent political environment. Machiavelli realized that there were no permanent friends or enemies in politics and any leader would always come close to an individual with the capacity to fulfill his or her ambitions. Even though he had the traits of a good leader, Borgia was banished to Spain upon the death of Alexander VI and subsequent rise of Julius II.

Machiavelli played a critical role in training the private army in the city-state of Florence in order to decrease over-dependence on mercenaries. He was given a new responsibility of advising the new king. However, the headship of the municipality took a new twist when the Medici family reclaimed power leading to the removal from office of Machiavelli. He was later charged with incitement, but he managed to free himself after just two weeks seeking refuge in the neighboring town. He decided to quit politics and venture in writing, which proves that he was simply explaining the intrigues of leadership, but not interested in making a lot of money.

The works of Machiavelli on the prince is a masterpiece of political leadership and the associated risks even though his position is contestable among modern scholars. First, the writer dedicated the book to Lorenzo de Medici family of Florence meaning it was meant to give young leaders encouragement and the much-needed enthusiasm as far as ruling is concerned. The writer devoted the first two chapters to describing the scope of the book. Generally, the book is concerned with explaining the leadership styles that autocratic leaders espouse as opposed to the ones that republicans would implement.

In the first chapter in particular, the author gives a brief definition of the several types of principalities and princes. In the third chapter, the way in which a principality would be maintained is explained clearly whereby the prince should not be familiar to the citizens of the newly annexed region. In the same chapter, the author introduces the various aspects that the prince should be acquainted with, including politics, war, and goodwill (Machiavelli 175).

In the IV through XIV chapters, the writer explains his main thoughts on leadership and gives various suggestions on how the prince could acquire and maintain power. For instance, he suggests new tricks to the prince on acquiring new states, dealing with resistance, establishing friends, and maintaining a robust military.

However, he introduces several other issues that contradict his viewpoint, such as free will, natural law, and morality. From chapter XV to XXIII, he explains the qualities of a good prince who has the capacity to liberate his people from oppression. In his view, leaders with abstract ideas are likely to facilitate poor governance while those who are more practical tend to succeed in convening the major aims and objectives of the locals.

In this regard, a prince should not be concerned with virtues because this would contribute to the collapse of the state. For instance, the prince should not hesitate to use violence, treachery, and deceit, as long as they would bring greatness to the city-state. However, he insists that a leader who seeks the goodwill of the people is likely to stay in power for long as opposed to the other who rules without people’s mandate.

Therefore, the leader should simply appear to be virtues, but exercising real virtue is detrimental to the successful of the city-state. In the final chapters, the author explains how disunity and lack of clear leadership in Italy resulted in its downfall given the fact foreigners managed to invade the various city-states in the country.

Cesare Borgia: The leader lived between 1476 and 1507 winning himself a title of the Duke, but failed to replace his father. Machiavelli tends to suggest that the leader was an example of a prince because he would do everything to ensure his people achieve greatness. He was the only leader who secured the interests of his people within the shortest time possible.

Julius II: The leader was the pope for ten years and he is remembered for strengthening the position of the church as far as leadership of the country is concerned. He employed diplomacy in solving inter-state issues, something that played a critical role in bringing down the Roman barons.

Leo X: The leader was elected as pope in 1513 after Julius II and aspired to serve as the advocate of the Medici family, one of the autocrats in the country.

Statesmanship: an individual who ensures that his people attain the major goals and objectives by facilitating an enabling environment that paves way for individual fulfillment. In this regard, he suggested that a good statesman should respect the natural laws by putting in place a strong military that will protect citizens from external aggression. Again, a statesman has to put in place measures to ensure that the citizens are secure economically because other city-states might take advantage of the weak financial system to infiltrate the economy

War craft: This means utilizing the military effectively to achieve personal and state ambitions. Machiavelli suggested that a good leader should not fear using the military to preempt any threats, irrespective of the magnitude. Engaging in diplomacy is also a valid tool for maintaining power and it falls under war craft because the leader might be forced to deploy forces abroad in case the condition gets worse.

The prince: according to Machiavelli, the prince is simply a transitional leader who is charged with the major role of restoring sanity in the city-state. Once the city is under the control of the locals, the prince should reassign to pave way for a more democratic and logical government that respects the views of the majority and allows the minorities to participate in the decision-making. Unlike the prince, the subsequent leader should be open, democratic, and in constant consultation with other sections of the society to prevent chaos.

The book plays a critical role in serving as both the literature and an evocation of historical era. Being a literature, it gives important information on leadership since it urges modern politicians to ensure that the people they represent achieve greatness by convening their goals and objectives. In this case, the book could be utilized as a reference whereby the prince should be allowed to transform society and be given the needed support to allow him kick out foreigners.

Therefore, leaders should not be engaged in unnecessary politics that might impede the chances of success on the side of the prince. If the people are disunited, chances are high that the enemy will succeed in dividing them further, but unity is the backbone of success in any city-state. The book is an evocation of history in the sense that it outlines the various stages that Italy has gone through to be what it is in the modern society (Fischer 67). The close relationship between the church and the state led to various problems as Machiavelli outlines and this played a role in drawing the 1647 Treaty that separated the state from the church.

Machiavelli’s ideas on leadership are no longer valid in the modern society because the state is no longer associated with the church. His suggestion was that the political class should be left to restructure the state matters while the church would simply come in to offer advice when necessary. However, the book is recommended to history students who would want to capture the development of political activities in the western countries.

Fischer, Markus. Well-ordered License: On the Unity of Machiavelli’s Thought . New York: Lexington Books, 2000. Print.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince . New York: Randy Dillon, 2009. Print.

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — The Prince — Analysis Of A Machiavelli’s Perspective On Princedom In The Prince

Analysis of a Machiavelli's Perspective on Princedom in The Prince

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Updated: 15 November, 2024

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Table of contents

Introduction, machiavelli's pragmatism, historical analysis and humanism, admiration for the ancients, critique of contemporary leaders, historical patterns and political philosophy.

• Bambrick, Gail. “Machiavelli’s Humanism.” Tufts Now. January 06, 2014, Accessed February 01, 2018. http://now.tufts.edu/article/machiavellis-humanism.
• Berlin, Isaiah, Roger Hausheer, and Mark Lilla. Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas . Edited by Hardy Henry. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2013. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2tt8pw
• Bury, J.B. The Idea of Progress: An Inquiry into Its Origin and Growth . Medford, MA, Tufts Press, 2011.
• Leclerq, Jean. The Love of Learning and the Desire for God: A Study of Monastic Culture . New York: Fordham University Press, 2014.
• Machiavelli, Niccoló. The Prince . Translated by George Bull. London, England: Penguin Books, 2006.
• McGrade, Arthur Stephen. The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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