homework literature review

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A REVIEW OF THE HOMEWORK LITERATURE

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Homework has been a perennial topic of debate in education, and attitudes toward it have been cyclical (Gill & Schlossman, 2000). Throughout the first few decades of the 20th century, educators commonly believed that homework helped create disciplined minds. By 1940, growing concern that homework interfered with other home activities sparked a reaction against it. This trend was reversed in

Homework has been a perennial topic of debate in education, and attitudes toward it have been cyclical (Gill & Schlossman, 2000). Throughout the first few decades of the 20th century, educators commonly believed that homework helped create disciplined minds. By 1940, growing concern that homework interfered with other home activities sparked a reaction against it. This trend was reversed in the late 1950s when the Soviets' launch of Sputnik led to concern that U.S. education lacked rigor; schools viewed more rigorous homework as a partial solution to the problem. By 1980, the trend had reversed again, with some learning theorists claiming that homework could be detrimental to students' mental health. Since then, impassioned arguments for and against homework have continued to proliferate.

Child & Youth Care Forum

Background Increasing academic demands, including larger amounts of assigned homework, is correlated with various challenges for children. While homework stress in middle and high school has been studied, research evidence is scant concerning the effects of homework on elementary-aged children. Objective The objective of this study was to understand rater perception of the purpose of homework, the existence of homework policy, and the relationship, if any, between homework and the emotional health, sleep habits, and parent–child relationships for children in grades 3–6. Method Survey research was conducted in the schools examining student (n = 397), parent (n = 442), and teacher (n = 28) perception of homework, including purpose, existing policy, and the childrens’ social and emotional well-being. Results Preliminary findings from teacher, parent, and student surveys suggest the presence of modest impact of homework in the area of emotional health (namely, student report of boredom ...

Theory Into Practice, 2004

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Social Psychology of Education, 1999

Four explanations were tested for why the correlation between homework and achievement is weaker in elementary school than secondary school. Eighty-two teachers answered questions about their homework practices, and their responses were related to their students' achievement test scores. No evidence was found to suggest the weaker correlation in elementary school associated with a restricted variation in amounts of homework in early grades nor that teachers assigned more homework to poor-performing classes. Evidence did suggest that teachers in early grades assigned homework more often to develop young students' management of time, a skill rarely measured on standardized achievement tests. Also consistent with this hypothesis, elementary school teachers were more likely to use homework to review class material and to go over homework in class, while secondary school teachers more often used homework to prepare for and enrich class lessons. Finally, there was weak evidence ...

Volume V Issue I

Homework is the means by which the relationship between home and school is demonstrated and developed, leading to more consistent progress in all aspects of school life. The current research was carried out in Gilgit Baltistan to find out the impact of homework on the academic performance of students at secondary level. The research was observed by teachers of Gilgit Baltistan public schools while 100 teachers were chosen by a random sampling technique as a sample. Questionnaires were as a research instrument. The study found that homework impacts learning for learners, its impact differs with the age of students, and it plays an important role in student achievement. The study proposed that homework should be purposeful, i.e. it should include the introduction of new content, the practise of skills, the creation of any data and the ability for students to explore topics of their own interest.

Education Sciences

Teachers and educational researchers explore various approaches to make homework more engaging and enjoyable, intending to improve the well-being and academic performance of primary school students. The study aimed to identify practices with positive and negative effects on students’ well-being when doing homework. The views of those involved in giving, doing, and assessing homework were captured from three perspectives, namely, teachers, students, and parents. In May–June 2022, six online focus groups were conducted with the participation of 13 teachers, 11 parents, and 16 primary school students from a Romanian school. The thematic analysis identified the homework that the children (do not) like; their reactions when they receive, do, and are assessed for such homework; and suggestions on how to improve the homework. The results revealed that homework assignments that make young schoolchildren feel capable, effective, appreciated, and rewarded; homework done in teams in the form o...

School Psychology Quarterly, 1994

The purpose of this article is to place homework in the framework of an emerging interest in the development of effective home-school partnerships. Specifically, review of the homework literature is provided with attention to parent-, teacher-, and child-mediated programs. Several homework programs that have received empirical support are described. Finally, the role of the school psychologist in supporting and coordinating complementary home-school homework programs is explored. REVIEW OF THE HOMEWORK LITERATURE Current concerns regarding the American educational system have led to increased interest in understanding various influences on school learning. These concerns are neither new nor confined to American schools. A Nation at Risk, the 1983 report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, made educational improvement a national policy issue. An increasingly competitive and complex international environment has also created a renewed interest among educators and researchers in defining what constitutes effective educational practice. One variable that has been linked with increased student achievement is homework. Homework is a valued educational tradition. Current prevalence estimates are provided by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (Anderson, 1986). Fully two thirds of 100,000 students in grades 4, 8, and 11 surveyed in 1984 reported that they spent some time on homework the previous evening. However, homework has not always enjoyed popular support among educators. Although there have been many critics of homework, educators and parents generally support its use. Even students see the inherent value of homework if it is reasonable, varied, and challenging (Anderson, 1986). The importance of homework was elucidated by a report of the Joint Commission on Mental Health of Children (1970), indicating that lack of academic productivity is a critical indicator for children "at risk" for school failure. Nevertheless, the National Commis

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 2014

A comparative analysis between parental and children’s attitude toward homework for three grade levels (Grade?III, V and VII) reveals the importance of homework in educational experience. Two hundred sixty parents (140 mothers and 120 fathers) and 260 children (148 girls and 112 boys) of different schools in Dhaka city responded to parent and children forms of attitude toward homework questionnaire. Chi square value indicated common agreement between the children and the parents’ attitude toward homework. Certain dimension of children’s attitude differed for grade levels and gender. The study also focused on the effect of homework on family relationship and general attitude toward school. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i1.19830 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(1): 77-83, 2014

Hither Shore: Interdisciplinary Journal on Modern Fantasy Literature, Volume 19 “Raum und Zeit in Tolkiens Werk / Space and Time in Tolkien’s Work”, 2023

The paper seeks to examine the specifics of Tolkien’s worldbuilding from the point of view of Mikhail Bakhtin’s ideas about the chronotope as explained in his essay Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel. Bakhtin insists on “the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that are artistically expressed in literature”. Distinguishing the term from its other usages, he underlines that “[i]n the literary artistic chronotope, spatial and temporal indicators are fused into one carefully thought-out, concrete whole. Time, as it were, thickens, takes on flesh, and becomes artistically visible; likewise, space becomes charged and responsive to the movements of time, plot and history. This intersection of axes and fusion of indicators characterizes the artistic chronotope”. Moreover, according to Bakhtin, the prevailing constituent of the chronotope is time. The chronotope also defines the genre and generic distinctions, and “the image of man”, or in Tolkien’s texts, not necessarily only man, “is always intrinsically chronotopic”. Tolkien’s conscious choice to build up his world on creative re-working of the mythological and epic traditions of the European Middle Ages with some admixture of the Classical influences (such as Atlantis myth) allowed him to create his “asterisk” mythology. The paper uncovers how specific characteristics of these mythopoetic traditions, alongside the chronotropic conventions of the four main European narrative traditions: myth, epic, romance, and novel (according to Martin Simonson) inevitably shape Tolkien’s texts, taken as a complex whole. This approach also explains why Tolkien’s characters, ethics, codes of behaviour, and even the geology of his secondary world differ from our contemporary knowledge and sensibilities and cannot be different unless the chronotopic fusion is disrupted.

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ERIC ED536245: Homework. Literature Review

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