assignment operators in c example program

C Data Types

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C Input and Output
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C Interview Questions

Assignment operators in c.

Assignment operators are used for assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error.

Different types of assignment operators are shown below:

1. “=”: This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example:

2. “+=” : This operator is combination of ‘+’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first adds the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 5. Then (a += 6) = 11.

3. “-=” This operator is combination of ‘-‘ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first subtracts the value on the right from the current value of the variable on left and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 8. Then (a -= 6) = 2.

4. “*=” This operator is combination of ‘*’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first multiplies the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 5. Then (a *= 6) = 30.

5. “/=” This operator is combination of ‘/’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first divides the current value of the variable on left by the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 6. Then (a /= 2) = 3.

Below example illustrates the various Assignment Operators:

C Variables and Constants

C Variables A variable in C language is the name associated with some memory location to store data of different types. There are many types of variables in C depending on the scope, storage class, lifetime, type of data they store, etc. A variable is the basic building block of a C program that can be used in 9 min read
Constants in C The constants in C are the read-only variables whose values cannot be modified once they are declared in the C program. The type of constant can be an integer constant, a floating pointer constant, a string constant, or a character constant. In C language, the const keyword is used to define the con 6 min read
Const Qualifier in C The qualifier const can be applied to the declaration of any variable to specify that its value will not be changed (which depends upon where const variables are stored, we may change the value of the const variable by using a pointer). The result is implementation-defined if an attempt is made to c 7 min read
Different ways to declare variable as constant in C There are many different ways to make the variable as constant in C. Some of the popular ones are: Using const KeywordUsing MacrosUsing enum Keyword1. Using const KeywordThe const keyword specifies that a variable or object value is constant and can't be modified at the compilation time. Syntaxconst 2 min read
Scope rules in C The scope of a variable in C is the block or the region in the program where a variable is declared, defined, and used. Outside this region, we cannot access the variable, and it is treated as an undeclared identifier. The scope is the area under which a variable is visible.The scope of an identifie 6 min read
Internal Linkage and External Linkage in C It is often quite hard to distinguish between scope and linkage, and the roles they play. This article focuses on scope and linkage, and how they are used in C language. Note: All C programs have been compiled on 64 bit GCC 4.9.2. Also, the terms "identifier" and "name" have been used interchangeabl 9 min read
Global Variables in C Prerequisite: Variables in C In a programming language, each variable has a particular scope attached to them. The scope is either local or global. This article will go through global variables, their advantages, and their properties. The Declaration of a global variable is very similar to that of a 3 min read
Data Types in C Each variable in C has an associated data type. It specifies the type of data that the variable can store like integer, character, floating, double, etc. Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations which can be performed over it. The data types in C can be cl 7 min read
Literals in C In C, Literals are the constant values that are assigned to the variables. Literals represent fixed values that cannot be modified. Literals contain memory but they do not have references as variables. Generally, both terms, constants, and literals are used interchangeably. For example, “const int = 4 min read
Escape Sequence in C The escape sequence in C is the characters or the sequence of characters that can be used inside the string literal. The purpose of the escape sequence is to represent the characters that cannot be used normally using the keyboard. Some escape sequence characters are the part of ASCII charset but so 6 min read
bool in C The bool in C is a fundamental data type in most that can hold one of two values: true or false. It is used to represent logical values and is commonly used in programming to control the flow of execution in decision-making statements such as if-else statements, while loops, and for loops. In this a 6 min read
Integer Promotions in C Some data types like char , short int take less number of bytes than int, these data types are automatically promoted to int or unsigned int when an operation is performed on them. This is called integer promotion. For example no arithmetic calculation happens on smaller types like char, short and e 2 min read
Character Arithmetic in C As already known character range is between -128 to 127 or 0 to 255. This point has to be kept in mind while doing character arithmetic. What is Character Arithmetic?Character arithmetic is used to implement arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on characters 2 min read
Type Conversion in C Type conversion in C is the process of converting one data type to another. The type conversion is only performed to those data types where conversion is possible. Type conversion is performed by a compiler. In type conversion, the destination data type can't be smaller than the source data type. Ty 5 min read

C Input/Output

Basic Input and Output in C C language has standard libraries that allow input and output in a program. The stdio.h or standard input output library in C that has methods for input and output. scanf()The scanf() method, in C, reads the value from the console as per the type specified and store it in the given address. Syntax: 3 min read
Format Specifiers in C The format specifier in C is used to tell the compiler about the type of data to be printed or scanned in input and output operations. They always start with a % symbol and are used in the formatted string in functions like printf(), scanf, sprintf(), etc. The C language provides a number of format 6 min read
printf in C In C language, printf() function is used to print formatted output to the standard output stdout (which is generally the console screen). The printf function is a part of the C standard library <stdio.h> and it can allow formatting the output in numerous ways. Syntax of printfprintf ( "formatt 5 min read
scanf in C In C programming language, scanf is a function that stands for Scan Formatted String. It is used to read data from stdin (standard input stream i.e. usually keyboard) and then writes the result into the given arguments. It accepts character, string, and numeric data from the user using standard inpu 2 min read
Scansets in C scanf family functions support scanset specifiers which are represented by %[]. Inside scanset, we can specify single character or range of characters. While processing scanset, scanf will process only those characters which are part of scanset. We can define scanset by putting characters inside squ 2 min read
Formatted and Unformatted Input/Output functions in C with Examples This article focuses on discussing the following topics in detail- Formatted I/O Functions.Unformatted I/O Functions.Formatted I/O Functions vs Unformatted I/O Functions.Formatted I/O Functions Formatted I/O functions are used to take various inputs from the user and display multiple outputs to the 9 min read
Operators in C In C language, operators are symbols that represent operations to be performed on one or more operands. They are the basic components of the C programming. In this article, we will learn about all the built-in operators in C with examples. What is a C Operator?An operator in C can be defined as the 14 min read
Arithmetic Operators in C Arithmetic Operators are the type of operators in C that are used to perform mathematical operations in a C program. They can be used in programs to define expressions and mathematical formulas. What are C Arithmetic Operators?The C arithmetic operators are the symbols that are used to perform mathe 7 min read
Unary operators in C Unary operators are the operators that perform operations on a single operand to produce a new value. Types of unary operatorsTypes of unary operators are mentioned below: Unary minus ( - )Increment ( ++ )Decrement ( -- )NOT ( ! )Addressof operator ( & )sizeof()1. Unary MinusThe minus operator ( 5 min read
Relational Operators in C In C, relational operators are the symbols that are used for comparison between two values to understand the type of relationship a pair of numbers shares. The result that we get after the relational operation is a boolean value, that tells whether the comparison is true or false. Relational operato 4 min read
Bitwise Operators in C In C, the following 6 operators are bitwise operators (also known as bit operators as they work at the bit-level). They are used to perform bitwise operations in C. The & (bitwise AND) in C takes two numbers as operands and does AND on every bit of two numbers. The result of AND is 1 only if bot 7 min read
C Logical Operators Logical operators in C are used to combine multiple conditions/constraints. Logical Operators returns either 0 or 1, it depends on whether the expression result is true or false. In C programming for decision-making, we use logical operators. We have 3 logical operators in the C language: Logical AN 6 min read
Assignment Operators in C Assignment operators are used for assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compi 3 min read
Increment and Decrement Operators in C The increment ( ++ ) and decrement ( -- ) operators in C are unary operators for incrementing and decrementing the numeric values by 1 respectively. The incrementation and decrementation are one of the most frequently used operations in programming for looping, array traversal, pointer arithmetic, a 4 min read
Conditional or Ternary Operator (?:) in C The conditional operator in C is kind of similar to the if-else statement as it follows the same algorithm as of if-else statement but the conditional operator takes less space and helps to write the if-else statements in the shortest way possible. It is also known as the ternary operator in C as it 3 min read
sizeof operator in C Sizeof is a much-used operator in the C. It is a compile-time unary operator which can be used to compute the size of its operand. The result of sizeof is of the unsigned integral type which is usually denoted by size_t. sizeof can be applied to any data type, including primitive types such as integ 4 min read
Operator Precedence and Associativity in C The concept of operator precedence and associativity in C helps in determining which operators will be given priority when there are multiple operators in the expression. It is very common to have multiple operators in C language and the compiler first evaluates the operater with higher precedence. 8 min read

C Control Statements Decision-Making

Decision Making in C (if , if..else, Nested if, if-else-if ) The conditional statements (also known as decision control structures) such as if, if else, switch, etc. are used for decision-making purposes in C programs. They are also known as Decision-Making Statements and are used to evaluate one or more conditions and make the decision whether to execute a s 11 min read
C - if Statement The if in C is the most simple decision-making statement. It consists of the test condition and if block or body. If the given condition is true only then the if block will be executed. What is if in C? The if in C is a decision-making statement that is used to execute a block of code based on the v 5 min read
C if...else Statement The if-else statement in C is a flow control statement used for decision-making in the C program. It is one of the core concepts of C programming. It is an extension of the if in C that includes an else block along with the already existing if block. C if Statement The if statement in C is used to e 6 min read
C if else if ladder if else if ladder in C programming is used to test a series of conditions sequentially. Furthermore, if a condition is tested only when all previous if conditions in the if-else ladder are false. If any of the conditional expressions evaluate to be true, the appropriate code block will be executed, 3 min read
Switch Statement in C Switch case statement evaluates a given expression and based on the evaluated value(matching a certain condition), it executes the statements associated with it. Basically, it is used to perform different actions based on different conditions(cases). Switch case statements follow a selection-control 8 min read
Using Range in switch Case in C You all are familiar with switch case in C, but did you know you can use a range of numbers instead of a single number or character in the case statement? Range in switch case can be useful when we want to run the same set of statements for a range of numbers so that we do not have to write cases se 2 min read
C - Loops Loops in programming are used to repeat a block of code until the specified condition is met. A loop statement allows programmers to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times without repetition of code. [GFGTABS] C // C program to illustrate need of loops #include <stdio.h> int 6 min read
C for Loop In C programming, loops are responsible for performing repetitive tasks using a short code block that executes until the condition holds true. In this article, we will learn about for loop in C. for Loop in CThe for loop in C Language provides a functionality/feature to repeat a set of statements a 6 min read
while loop in C The while Loop is an entry-controlled loop in C programming language. This loop can be used to iterate a part of code while the given condition remains true. Syntax The while loop syntax is as follows: while (test expression) { // body consisting of multiple statements }Example The below example sho 3 min read
do...while Loop in C Loops in C language are the control flow statements that are used to repeat some part of the code till the given condition is satisfied. The do-while loop is one of the three loop statements in C, the others being while loop and for loop. It is mainly used to traverse arrays, vectors, and other data 7 min read
For Versus While Question: Is there any example for which the following two loops will not work the same way? [GFGTABS] C /*Program 1 --> For loop*/ for (<init - stmnt>;<boolean - expr>;<incr - stmnt>) { <body-statements> } /*Program 2 --> While loop*/ <init - stmnt>; while (<b 2 min read
Continue Statement in C The continue statement in C is a jump statement that is used to bring the program control to the start of the loop. We can use the continue statement in the while loop, for loop, or do..while loop to alter the normal flow of the program execution. Unlike break, it cannot be used with a C switch case 5 min read
Break Statement in C The break statement is one of the four jump statements in the C language. The purpose of the break statement in C is for unconditional exit from the loop What is break in C?The break in C is a loop control statement that breaks out of the loop when encountered. It can be used inside loops or switch 6 min read
goto Statement in C The C goto statement is a jump statement which is sometimes also referred to as an unconditional jump statement. The goto statement can be used to jump from anywhere to anywhere within a function. Syntax: Syntax1 | Syntax2----------------------------goto label; | label: . | .. | .. | .label: | goto 3 min read
C Functions A function in C is a set of statements that when called perform some specific tasks. It is the basic building block of a C program that provides modularity and code reusability. The programming statements of a function are enclosed within { } braces, having certain meanings and performing certain op 10 min read
User-Defined Function in C A user-defined function is a type of function in C language that is defined by the user himself to perform some specific task. It provides code reusability and modularity to our program. User-defined functions are different from built-in functions as their working is specified by the user and no hea 6 min read
Parameter Passing Techniques in C In C, there are different ways in which parameter data can be passed into and out of methods and functions. Let us assume that a function B() is called from another function A(). In this case, A is called the "caller function" and B is called the "called function or callee function". Also, the argum 5 min read
Function Prototype in C The C function prototype is a statement that tells the compiler about the function's name, its return type, numbers and data types of its parameters. By using this information, the compiler cross-checks function parameters and their data type with function definition and function call. Function prot 5 min read
How can I return multiple values from a function? We all know that a function in C can return only one value. So how do we achieve the purpose of returning multiple values. Well, first take a look at the declaration of a function. int foo(int arg1, int arg2); So we can notice here that our interface to the function is through arguments and return v 2 min read
main Function in C The main function is an integral part of the programming languages such as C, C++, and Java. The main function in C is the entry point of a program where the execution of a program starts. It is a user-defined function that is mandatory for the execution of a program because when a C program is exec 4 min read
Implicit return type int in C Predict the output of following C program. #include <stdio.h> fun(int x) { return x*x; } int main(void) { printf("%d", fun(10)); return 0; } Output: 100 The important thing to note is, there is no return type for fun(), the program still compiles and runs fine in most of the C compil 1 min read
Callbacks in C A callback is any executable code that is passed as an argument to another code, which is expected to call back (execute) the argument at a given time. In simple language, If a reference of a function is passed to another function as an argument to call it, then it will be called a Callback function 2 min read
Nested functions in C Some programmer thinks that defining a function inside an another function is known as "nested function". But the reality is that it is not a nested function, it is treated as lexical scoping. Lexical scoping is not valid in C because the compiler cant reach/find the correct memory location of the i 2 min read
Variadic functions in C Variadic functions are functions that can take a variable number of arguments. In C programming, a variadic function adds flexibility to the program. It takes one fixed argument and then any number of arguments can be passed. The variadic function consists of at least one fixed variable and then an 3 min read
_Noreturn function specifier in C The _Noreturn keyword appears in a function declaration and specifies that the function does not return by executing the return statement or by reaching the end of the function body. If the function declared _Noreturn returns, the behavior is undefined. A compiler diagnostic is recommended if this c 2 min read
Predefined Identifier __func__ in C Before we start discussing __func__, let us write some code snippets and anticipate the output: C/C++ Code // C program to demonstrate working of a // Predefined Identifier __func__ #include <stdio.h> int main() { // %s indicates that the program will read strings printf("%s", __func 2 min read
C Library math.h Functions The math.h header defines various C mathematical functions and one macro. All the functions available in this library take double as an argument and return double as the result. Let us discuss some important C math functions one by one. C Math Functions1. double ceil (double x) The C library functio 6 min read

C Arrays & Strings

C Arrays Array in C is one of the most used data structures in C programming. It is a simple and fast way of storing multiple values under a single name. In this article, we will study the different aspects of array in C language such as array declaration, definition, initialization, types of arrays, array s 15+ min read
Properties of Array in C An array in C is a fixed-size homogeneous collection of elements stored at a contiguous memory location. It is a derived data type in C that can store elements of different data types such as int, char, struct, etc. It is one of the most popular data types widely used by programmers to solve differe 8 min read
Multidimensional Arrays in C - 2D and 3D Arrays Prerequisite: Arrays in C A multi-dimensional array can be defined as an array that has more than one dimension. Having more than one dimension means that it can grow in multiple directions. Some popular multidimensional arrays are 2D arrays and 3D arrays. In this article, we will learn about multid 10 min read
Initialization of Multidimensional Array in C In C, initialization of a multidimensional array can have left most dimensions as optional. Except for the leftmost dimension, all other dimensions must be specified. For example, the following program fails in compilation because two dimensions are not specified. C/C++ Code #include <stdio.h> 2 min read
Pass Array to Functions in C In C, the whole array cannot be passed as an argument to a function. However, you can pass a pointer to an array without an index by specifying the array's name. Arrays in C are always passed to the function as pointers pointing to the first element of the array. SyntaxIn C, we have three ways to pa 6 min read
How to pass a 2D array as a parameter in C? This post is an extension of How to dynamically allocate a 2D array in C? A one dimensional array can be easily passed as a pointer, but syntax for passing a 2D array to a function can be difficult to remember. One important thing for passing multidimensional arrays is, first array dimension does no 4 min read
What are the data types for which it is not possible to create an array? In C, it is possible to have array of all types except following. 1) void. 2) functions. For example, below program throws compiler error int main() { void arr[100]; } Output: error: declaration of 'arr' as array of voids But we can have array of void pointers and function pointers. The below progra 1 min read
How to pass an array by value in C ? In C, array name represents address and when we pass an array, we actually pass address and the parameter receiving function always accepts them as pointers (even if we use [], refer this for details). How to pass array by value, i.e., how to make sure that we have a new copy of array when we pass i 2 min read
Strings in C A String in C programming is a sequence of characters terminated with a null character '\0'. The C String is stored as an array of characters. The difference between a character array and a C string is that the string in C is terminated with a unique character '\0'. C String Declaration SyntaxDeclar 8 min read
Array of Strings in C In C programming String is a 1-D array of characters and is defined as an array of characters. But an array of strings in C is a two-dimensional array of character types. Each String is terminated with a null character (\0). It is an application of a 2d array. Syntax: char variable_name[r][m] = {lis 3 min read
What is the difference between single quoted and double quoted declaration of char array? In C, when a character array is initialized with a double-quoted string and the array size is not specified, the compiler automatically allocates one extra space for string terminator '\0'. Example The below example demonstrates the initialization of a char array with a double-quoted string without 2 min read
C String Functions The C string functions are built-in functions that can be used for various operations and manipulations on strings. These string functions can be used to perform tasks such as string copy, concatenation, comparison, length, etc. The <string.h> header file contains these string functions. In th 8 min read
C Pointers A pointer is defined as a derived data type that can store the memory address of other variables, functions, or even other pointers. It is one of the core components of the C programming language allowing low-level memory access, dynamic memory allocation, and many other functionalities in C. Syntax 10 min read
Pointer Arithmetics in C with Examples Pointer Arithmetic is the set of valid arithmetic operations that can be performed on pointers. The pointer variables store the memory address of another variable. It doesn't store any value. Hence, there are only a few operations that are allowed to perform on Pointers in C language. The C pointer 10 min read
C - Pointer to Pointer (Double Pointer) Prerequisite: Pointers in C The pointer to a pointer in C is used when we want to store the address of another pointer. The first pointer is used to store the address of the variable. And the second pointer is used to store the address of the first pointer. That is why they are also known as double- 5 min read
Function Pointer in C In C, like normal data pointers (int *, char *, etc), we can have pointers to functions. Following is a simple example that shows declaration and function call using function pointer. Let's take a look at an example: [GFGTABS] C #include <stdio.h> void fun(int a) { printf("Value of a is % 5 min read
How to declare a pointer to a function? While a pointer to a variable or an object is used to access them indirectly, a pointer to a function is used to invoke a function indirectly. Well, we assume that you know what it means by a pointer in C. So how do we create a pointer to an integer in C? Huh..it is pretty simple... int *ptrInteger; 2 min read
Pointer to an Array | Array Pointer A pointer to an array is a pointer that points to the whole array instead of the first element of the array. It considers the whole array as a single unit instead of it being a collection of given elements. Consider the following example: [GFGTABS] C #include<stdio.h> int main() { int arr[5] = 5 min read
Difference between constant pointer, pointers to constant, and constant pointers to constants In this article, we will discuss the differences between constant pointer, pointers to constant & constant pointers to constants. Pointers are the variables that hold the address of some other variables, constants, or functions. There are several ways to qualify pointers using const. Pointers to 3 min read
Pointer vs Array in C Most of the time, pointer and array accesses can be treated as acting the same, the major exceptions being: 1. the sizeof operator sizeof(array) returns the amount of memory used by all elements in the array sizeof(pointer) only returns the amount of memory used by the pointer variable itself 2. the 1 min read
Dangling, Void , Null and Wild Pointers in C In C programming pointers are used to manipulate memory addresses, to store the address of some variable or memory location. But certain situations and characteristics related to pointers become challenging in terms of memory safety and program behavior these include Dangling (when pointing to deall 6 min read
Near, Far and Huge Pointers in C In older times, the intel processors had 16-bit registers but the address bus was 20-bits wide. Due to this, the registers were not able to hold the entire address at once. As a solution, the memory was divided into segments of 64 kB size, and the near pointers, far pointers, and huge pointers were 4 min read
restrict keyword in C In the C programming language (after the C99 standard), a new keyword is introduced known as restrict. restrict keyword is mainly used in pointer declarations as a type qualifier for pointers.It doesn't add any new functionality. It is only a way for the programmer to inform about an optimization th 2 min read

C User-Defined Data Types

C Structures The structure in C is a user-defined data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type. The struct keyword is used to define the structure in the C programming language. The items in the structure are called its member and they can be of any valid data type. Ad 10 min read
dot (.) Operator in C The C dot (.) operator is used for direct member selection via the name of variables of type struct and union. Also known as the direct member access operator, it is a binary operator that helps us to extract the value of members of the structures and unions. Syntax of Dot Operatorvariable_name.memb 2 min read
C typedef The typedef is a keyword that is used to provide existing data types with a new name. The C typedef keyword is used to redefine the name of already existing data types. When names of datatypes become difficult to use in programs, typedef is used with user-defined datatypes, which behave similarly to 4 min read
Structure Member Alignment, Padding and Data Packing In C, the structures are used as data packs. They don't provide any data encapsulation or data hiding features. In this article, we will discuss the property of structure padding in C along with data alignment and structure packing. Data Alignment in MemoryEvery data type in C will have alignment re 12 min read
Flexible Array Members in a structure in C Flexible Array Member(FAM) is a feature introduced in the C99 standard of the C programming language. For the structures in C programming language from C99 standard onwards, we can declare an array without a dimension and whose size is flexible in nature.Such an array inside the structure should pre 4 min read
C Unions The Union is a user-defined data type in C language that can contain elements of the different data types just like structure. But unlike structures, all the members in the C union are stored in the same memory location. Due to this, only one member can store data at the given instance. Syntax of Un 5 min read
Bit Fields in C In C, we can specify the size (in bits) of the structure and union members. The idea of bit-field is to use memory efficiently when we know that the value of a field or group of fields will never exceed a limit or is within a small range. C Bit fields are used when the storage of our program is limi 8 min read
Difference Between Structure and Union in C Structures in C is a user-defined data type available in C that allows to combining of data items of different kinds. Structures are used to represent a record. Defining a structure: To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more tha 4 min read
Anonymous Union and Structure in C In C11 standard of C, anonymous Unions and structures were added. Anonymous unions/structures are also known as unnamed unions/structures as they don't have names. Since there is no names, direct objects(or variables) of them are not created and we use them in nested structure or unions. Definition 2 min read
Enumeration (or enum) in C Enumeration (or enum) is a user defined data type in C. It is mainly used to assign names to integral constants, the names make a program easy to read and maintain. enum State {Working = 1, Failed = 0}; The keyword 'enum' is used to declare new enumeration types in C and C++. Enums in C allow you to 4 min read

C Storage Classes

Storage Classes in C C Storage Classes are used to describe the features of a variable/function. These features basically include the scope, visibility, and lifetime which help us to trace the existence of a particular variable during the runtime of a program. C language uses 4 storage classes, namely: Storage classes i 7 min read
extern Keyword in C extern keyword in C applies to C variables (data objects) and C functions. Basically, the extern keyword extends the visibility of the C variables and C functions. That's probably the reason why it was named extern. Though most people probably understand the difference between the "declaration" and 7 min read
Static Variables in C Static variables have the property of preserving their value even after they are out of their scope! Hence, a static variable preserves its previous value in its previous scope and is not initialized again in the new scope. Syntax: static data_type var_name = var_value;Static variables in C retain t 4 min read
Initialization of static variables in C In C, static variables can only be initialized using constant literals. For example, following program fails in compilation. [GFGTABS] C #include<stdio.h> int initializer(void) { return 50; } int main() { static int i = initializer(); printf(" value of i = %d", i); getchar(); return 1 min read
Static functions in C In C, functions are global by default. The “static” keyword before a function name makes it static. For example, the below function fun() is static. [GFGTABS] C static int fun(void) { printf("I am a static function "); } [/GFGTABS]Unlike global functions in C, access to static functions is 2 min read
Understanding "volatile" qualifier in C | Set 2 (Examples) The volatile keyword is intended to prevent the compiler from applying any optimizations on objects that can change in ways that cannot be determined by the compiler. Objects declared as volatile are omitted from optimization because their values can be changed by code outside the scope of current c 6 min read
Understanding "register" keyword in C Registers are faster than memory to access, so the variables which are most frequently used in a C program can be put in registers using the register keyword. The keyword register hints to the compiler that a given variable can be put in a register. It's the compiler's choice to put it in a register 3 min read

C Memory Management

Memory Layout of C Programs A typical memory representation of a C program consists of the following sections. Text segment (i.e. instructions)Initialized data segment Uninitialized data segment (bss)Heap Stack A typical memory layout of a running process 1. Text Segment: A text segment, also known as a code segment or simply 6 min read
Dynamic Memory Allocation in C using malloc(), calloc(), free() and realloc() Since C is a structured language, it has some fixed rules for programming. One of them includes changing the size of an array. An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations. As can be seen, the length (size) of the array above is 9. But what if there is a requirement to cha 9 min read
Difference Between malloc() and calloc() with Examples The functions malloc() and calloc() are library functions that allocate memory dynamically. Dynamic means the memory is allocated during runtime (execution of the program) from the heap segment. Initializationmalloc() allocates a memory block of given size (in bytes) and returns a pointer to the beg 3 min read
What is Memory Leak? How can we avoid? A memory leak occurs when programmers create a memory in a heap and forget to delete it. The consequence of the memory leak is that it reduces the performance of the computer by reducing the amount of available memory. Eventually, in the worst case, too much of the available memory may become alloca 3 min read
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Assignment Operators in C

In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.

The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.

In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.

The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.

You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.

You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.

Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.

In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.

On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.

Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −

Augmented Assignment Operators

In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.

For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Run the code and check its output −

Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −

When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −

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Assignment Operators In C | A Complete Guide With Detailed Examples

Table of content:

What are assignment operators in c, how assignment operators in c work step-by-step explanation, types of assignment operators in c, bitwise assignment operators in c.

Precedence & Associativity Of Assignment Operators In C

Table Of Assignment Operators In C

Relational vs. assignment operators in c, frequently asked questions.

Operators are symbols or special characters that perform specific operations on one or more operands. They enable various computations and manipulation of data/ operands in C programs. These operands can be variables, constants, or expressions. It is important to understand the concept of various types of operators to utilize them effectively in writing efficient C code. In this article, we will focus on assignment operators in C.

Other types of operators include arithmetic, bitwise, logical, relational, ternary/ conditional, etc. Collectively, they enable complex computations, comparisons, and control flow within programs, allowing developers to manipulate data in a variety of ways.

In simple terms, assignment operators in C programming are used to assign values to variables. This includes assigning initial value as well as updating the value of a variable with a new value based on a certain operation or calculation. The most commonly used assignment operator is the equal-to operator (=), which assigns the right-hand side value to the variable on the left-hand side of the operator.

For example, the expression x = 5 assigns the value of 5 to the variable x.

Other assignment operators in C include addition assignment (+=), subtraction assignment (-=), multiplication assignment (*=), division assignment (/=), and modulus/ modulo assignment (%=). They are also referred to as compound assignment operators. As their name suggests, they are used to assign the resultant value of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus operations (respectively) to the left-side variable/ operand.

For example, the equation x += 5 is equivalent to x = x + 5. It updates the value of x by adding 5 to its current value.

These assignment operators can be combined with other operators to perform more complex operations in a single statement. For example, x += y * 3 updates the value of x by adding three times the value of y to its current value.

Using basic assignment operators can help make code more concise and easier to read and improve performance by reducing the number of operations required. However, it is important to use them carefully and avoid unintended consequences, such as side effects or errors. We will discuss each of these assignment operators in detail ahead, but first let's look at the basic syntax for this.

Syntax For Assignment Operators In C:

variable_name operator expression;

Here,

The variable_name refers to the name/ identifier of the variable to whom you are assigning (or updating) a value.
The term operator refers to the respective assignment operator you are using.
Expression is the right-hand operand, i.e., it refers to the value you assign to the variable.

Here are some examples of assignment operators and their syntax:

x = 5; // assigns the value of 5 to the variable x y += 10; // adds 10 to the current value of y and updates y with the result z *= 3; // multiplies the current value of z by 3 and updates z with the result

Given below is a stepwise description of the working mechanism of assignment operators in C.

Step 1 (The variable): The first step is to select the variable that we want to assign a value to. This variable can be of any data type, such as integer, float, or char .
Step 2 (The operator): The second step is to select the assignment operator that we want to use. As mentioned, the most commonly used assignment operator is the simple assignment operator (=), to assign the value of the right side operand to the left side operand.
Step 3 (The value or expression): The third step is to provide the value (or expression for calculating value) we want to assign to the variable. This value can be a constant or an expression that combines variables and constants using arithmetic or logical operators .
Step 4 (The evaluation): After that, the compiler evaluates the expression on the right-hand side of the operator. This evaluation involves performing any necessary logical or arithmetic operations based on the precedence rules of the operators.
Step 5 (The assignment): Finally, it assigns the evaluated value to the variable on the left-hand side of the assignment operator. If we are updating the value, this assignment replaces the previous value of the variable with the new value.

Let's look at a basic C program example illustrating both these approaches of using assignment operators.

Code Example:

The initial values of x and y are: 5, 10 The updated value of x is: 15

Explanation:

We begin the simple C program example by including the <stdio.h> header file for input/output operations.

We then initiate the main() function , which is the entry point of the program's execution.
Inside main(), we declare two integer variables , x and y, and assign the values of 5 to x and 10 to y. Then, we print these initial values to the console using the printf() function .
Next, we use the addition assignment operator (as mentioned in the code comments ) to add the initial value of y to the initial value of x and assign the result to x.
The operation involves adding the value of y, which is 5, to the value of x, which is 10. The output is, hence, 15.
Once again, we use the printf() function to display the updated value of x.

All the assignment operators in C programming language can be classified into two major types with subtypes. These types and the operators included in them are mentioned below-

Simple Assignment Operator In C (=)

There is only one assignment operator that falls into this category. This is the simplest assignment operator whose only purpose is to assign the value given on the right to the variable on the left. The basic assignment operator symbol is a single equals sign (=). It is the most commonly used assignment operator in C language. Below is an example of how to use this operator in simple assignment expressions.

The value of x is 5

In the simple C code example , we include the standard input-output header file, <stdio.h>, which contains the library functions for input and output operations in C programming.

Inside main() funtion , we declare an integer variable named x and initialize it with the value 5 using the simple assignment operator .
This step reserves a memory location to store an integer value and assigns the value 5 to x.
Next, we use the printf() function to display the output with a descriptive string message (using formatted string) .
Here, we use the %d format specifier as a placeholder for the integer value and the newline escape sequence (\n) to shift the cursor to the next line afterwards.
Lastly, the program successfully completes execution with the return 0 statement . It indicates the successful termination of the main() function and the program as a whole.

It will be easier to understand why we call this operator simple when you check out the other category, i.e., compound operators.

Compound Assignment Operators In C

The compound assignment operators are called as such because they combine a binary operation with the assignment operation. They perform a binary operation on the values of the variable and the value on the right-hand side and then assign the result to the variable on the left-hand side/ left operand.

There are five types of compound assignment operator in C:

Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)
Addition Assignment Operator (+=)
Multiplication Assignment Operator (=)
Division Assignment Operator (/=)
Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The advantage of using these operators is that they provide a shorthand notation for performing common operations such as addition, multiplication, division, etc.

Now that you have a broad idea of what compound assignment operators in C are, let's explore each type of assignment operator in detail.

Addition Assignment Operator In C (+=)

The addition assignment operator adds the value given on its right side to the current value of the variable on the left. It then assigns the resultant value back to the variable on the left.

In other words, it adds the initial value of the first variable to the initial value of a second variable and assigns it back to the first variable. Below is a C program example illustrating the use of this compound assignment operator.

The value of x is 8

In the C code example, we first include the essential header files.

Inside the main() function , we declare an integer variable, x , and initialize it with the value 5 using the simple assignment operator.
Next, we use the addition assignment operator (+=) to add a value 3 to x (variable on the left side) and assign the result back to it.
Here, we add 3 to x's initial value and reassign it back. That is, x += 3 is equivalent to x = x + 3, which adds 3 to x's value and stores the result back into x.
Then, we use the printf() function to display the output to the console, after which the program terminates with the return 0 statement.

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Subtraction Assignment Operator In C (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator is used to subtract a given value, mentioned on the right side of the operator, from the initial value of the variable on the left (i.e., the left operand). It then assigns the result back to the original variable on the left. Alternatively, we can also subtract the value of a second variable from the initial variable.

The value of x is 7

In the example C program -

Inside the main() function , we declare an integer variable x and assign the value 10 to it using the simple operator.
We then use the subtraction assignment operator (-=) to subtract a value 3 from the initial value of x. The result is assigned back to x using this operator.
Here, the expression x -= 3 is equivalent to x = x - 3, which means we subtract 3 from 5 (i.e., the value of x), and the value of x is updated with the result.
After that, we use the printf() function to display the updated value of the variable x to the console.

Multiplication Assignment Operator In C (*=)

The multiplication assignment operator in C (*=) first multiplies a given value (on the right) with the initial/ current value of the variable on the left (left operand). Then, it assigns the result back to the variable on the left. Alternatively, it can also be used to multiply the initial value of a variable by the value of another variable in the program.

The value of x is 20

In the example C code -

Inside the main() function , we declare an integer variable named x and initialize it with the value 5 using the simple assignment operator.
Next, we use the multiplication assignment operator to multiply the initial value of x by 4 and then assign the result back to variable x.
That is, the expression x *= 4 implies x = x * 4, which multiplies the value of x by 4 and stores the result back into x.
Using the printf() function , we display the updated value of x and a string literal message.

Division Assignment Operator In C (/=)

The division assignment operator (/=) first divides the current/ initial value of the variable mentioned on its left side by the value given on its right. Then, the revised value/ result is assigned back to the variable on the left. Alternatively, we can also use this operator to divide the value of one variable by another variable and then update the value of one.

Let's take a look at an example that illustrates the use of this compound assignment operator in C code.

In the sample C program -

We declare an integer variable x inside the main() function and initialize it with the value 10.
Next, we use the division assignment operator (/=) to divide the value of x by 2 and assign the result of this operation back to variable x.
Here, the expression x /= 2 can be expanded as x = x / 2, which ultimately divides the value of x by 2 and stores the result back into x.
Finally, we display this output using the printf() function with a formatted string message.

Modulo Assignment Operator In C (%=)

The modulo assignment operator (%=) is a combination of the modulo arithmetic operator and assignment operator. It divides the value of the left-side operand by the right-side operand to calculate the remainder of this division. Then, it assigns the resulting remainder back to the variable on the left. Note that the value on the right can also be the value of another variable in the program.

Look at the example below to better understand how to apply this compound assignment operator in C programs.

The value of x is 3

In the sample C code -

In the main() function , we declare a variable, x, of integer data type and initialize it with the value of 14.
Then, we use the modulo assignment operator ( %=) to calculate the remainder from the division of the variable on the left side by a specified value and assign the result back to that variable.
In this example, we divide the value of x by 4 and reassign the remainder to it.
That is, x %= 4 is equivalent to x = x % 4, which ultimately calculates the remainder when x is divided by 4 and stores the result back into x.
This reassigned/ updated value of x is displayed on the console using the printf() function with a formatted string and %d format specifier.

We have already discussed the most commonly used assignment operators in C programing language. There are a few other compound assignment operators that you must know about. These are the bitwise assignment operators, which first conduct the respective bitwise operation on the operands and then assign the result back to the left operand in the expression.

There are three types of bitwise assignment operators in C, which we have discussed ahead.

Bitwise AND Assignment Operator In C (&=)

The bitwise AND assignment operator (&=) performs a bitwise AND operation between the current value of the variable on the left (i.e., the left operand) and the value on the right (i.e., the right operand) and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. The value on the right can also be another variable.

The assignment operator example below showcases how this compound operator works.

The value of x is 4

In the C program sample , we define the main() function (which serves as the entry point) after including the <stdio.h> file.

We then declare an integer variable called x and use the basic assignment operator to initialize it with the value 12.
Next, we use the bitwise AND assignment operator (&=) to perform a bitwise AND operation between the value of the variable on the left side and a specified value, and then we assign the result back to that variable.
The equation x &= 5 , which implies x = x & 5, performs a bitwise AND between the value of x and 5 and stores the result back into x.
We display the result of this operation to the console with the printf() function , a formatted string, and the %d specifier.

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Bitwise OR Assignment Operator In C (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator (|=) performs a bitwise OR operation between the current value of the variable on the left and the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. The example below showcases the use this compound assingment operator in C.

Output Window :

The value of x is 13

Code Explanation:

In the C code sample -

In the main() function , we declare an integer variable x and initialize it with the value 12. This reserves a memory location to store an integer value.
Next, using the bitwise OR assignment operator , we perform a bitwise OR operation between the value of the variable on the left side (i.e., 12) and a specified value (i.e., 5) and assign the result back to the left-side variable, i.e., x.
The expression x |= 5 leads to the evaluation of x = x | 5, which performs a bitwise OR between the value of x and 5 and stores the result back into x.
Then, we use the printf() function to display the result/ updated value of left operand x to the console. We also use a formatted string and the %d specifier inside printf().

Left Shift Assignment Operator In C (<<=)

The bitwise left shift assignment operator (<<=) first shifts the bits of the current value of the variable on the left (i.e., left-hand operand) by the number of positions specified by the value on the right. Then, it assigns the result of this operation back to the variable on the left.

The value of x is 40

In this assignment operator example, we first include the essential header file and then initiate the main() function .

Inside main(), we declare an integer variable x and initialize it with the value 10. This step reserves a memory location to store an integer value and assigns the value 10 to x.
Next, we apply the left shift assignment operator (<<=) on this variable to perform a left shift operation on its value by a specified number of bits (here, 2) and assign the result back to that variable.
The equation x <<= 2 expands to x = x << 2, which performs a left shift on the value of x by 2 bits and stores the result back into x.
We print the new value of the left-hand side variable x to the console using the printf() function .

Right Shift Assignment Operator In C (>>=)

The bitwise right shift assignment operator (>>=) begins by shifting the bits of the initial value of the variable on the left (i.e., left-hand operand) by the number of positions specified by the right-hand value and then assigns the result to the variable on the left.

In the assignment operator C example-

Inside the main() function (which serves as the entry point for program execution), we declare an integer variable x and initialize it with the value 10.
Next, we employ the right shift assignment operator ( >>=) to shift the bits of the value on the left side (i.e., 10, the value of x) by a specified number of positions (i.e., 1) to the right. Then, assign the result back to the left-hand side variable.
The equation x >>= 1 is equivalent to x = x >> 1, which performs a right shift operation on the value of x by 1 position and stores the result back into x.
We publish this updated value of the variable x to the console using a formatted string and %d specifier inside the printf() function .

Also Read: Shift Operators In C | The Ultimate Guide With Code Examples

Precedence & Associativity Of Assignment Operators In C

In C, operators have a defined precedence that determines the order in which expressions are evaluated when multiple operators are present. Precedence helps in resolving which operator should be applied or evaluated first in an expression. Associativity, on the other hand, defines the direction in which operators of the same precedence level are processed.

Precedence of Assignment Operators In C

All assignment operators in C (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, etc.) have lower precedence compared to most other operators, such as arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /), relational operators (<, >, <=, >=) , and logical operators (&&, ||). This means that in an expression where assignment operators are used alongside other operators, the other operators are evaluated first before the assignment takes place.

In other words, the other operators take precedence over assignment operators when evaluating expressions in C programs. For example:

int a = 5; int b = 10; int c = a + b * 2;

In this expression, the multiplication operator (*) has higher precedence than the addition operator (+), and both have higher precedence than the assignment (=). Therefore, b * 2 is evaluated first, then the result is added to a, and finally, the sum is assigned to c.

Assignment Operator Associativity In C

Assignment operators in C have right-to-left associativity. This means that when multiple assignment operators are used in a single expression, the expression is evaluated from right to left.

int a, b, c; a = b = c = 10;

In this case, the value 10 is first assigned to c, then the value of c is assigned to b, and finally, the value of b is assigned to a. Since every assignment operator associates from right to left, this evaluation happens from right to left.

This associativity of assignment operators in C is particularly important to understand when chaining assignments or combining them with other operations.

Here is a table listing all the assignment operators in C programming with a brief description and example.

Both the relational and the assignment operators serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics in programming languages like C. Assignment operators deal with assigning values to operands/ variables. In contrast, relational operators focus on making comparisons between operands, thus enabling logical decision-making in control flow statements .

Here are some points highlighting the differences between relational and assignment operators in C:

Purpose | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators: Assignment operators are used to assign values or expressions to variables. They perform the task of storing a value in a variable.

Relational Operators: Relational operators are used to compare values or expressions. They determine the relationship between two operands and produce a Boolean result (true or false) based on the comparison.

Syntax | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators: Assignment operators are typically represented by a single character followed by an equal sign, such as (=), (+=), (-=), (*=), etc.

Relational Operators: Relational operators are represented by two or more characters, including equality operators (==, !=), other relational operators (<, >, <=, >=), etc.

Operation | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators: Assignment operators in C perform the task of assigning a value or expression to a variable. They modify the value of the left-hand side variable based on the right-hand side value or expression.

Relational Operators: Relational operators compare the values of two operands and return a Boolean result indicating whether the comparison is true or false.

Result Type | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators: In case of the simple assignment operator, the result is not a value in itself but the assignment of value to the variable on the left-hand side of the operator. But in case of compound assingment operators in C the result is the value assigned to the variable on the left-hand side of the operator, which can be used in further expressions or assignments.

Relational Operators: The result of a relational operator is a Boolean value, either true or false, indicating the outcome of the comparison.

Usage | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators: Assignment operators in C are primarily used for variable assignments, updating variables, and performing calculations involving the current value of a variable.

Relational Operators: Relational operators are used in conditional statements (if, while, for) and expressions that require comparison between variables or values.

Precedence | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators: Assignment operators in C have lower precedence compared to most other operators, which means they are evaluated after most other operations in an expression.

Relational Operators : Relational operators have higher precedence than assignment operators, allowing them to be evaluated before assignment operations.

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The assignment operator in C is one of the most important and commonly used operators in the language. It assigns values to variables, which is essential for writing any program. Compound assignment operators can be used to make code more concise and efficient. These assignment operators are fundamental operators that allow programmers to store and manipulate data effectively throughout their programs. It is important to understand the different types of assignment operators and how to use them correctly to write and run efficient and effective C code .

Also Read: 100+ Top C Interview Questions With Answers (2024)

Q. What is an assignment operator in C?

An assignment operator is an operator in the C language that assigns a value to a variable. This could be a direct value (as in initialization) or the value that results from a compound operation (like the result of addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. operations).

The most commonly used assignment operator is the equal sign (=), the basic assignment operator. It assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side of the operator.

Q. What is the difference between a simple assignment operator and a compound assignment operator?

The simple assignment operator, the equal-to operator (=), assigns a single value to a variable. On the other hand, a compound assignment operator in C (binary operator) performs a binary operation (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.) between the current value of a variable and another value or expression and then assigns the result to the variable. Its examples are- addition assignment (+=), multiplication assignment (*=), modulo assignment (%=), etc.

Q. What happens if I use an assignment operator with incompatible types in C?

Using an assignment operator with incompatible types in the C programming language results in a compilation error . C is a statically typed language, meaning variables must be explicitly declared with their data types, and the compiler enforces strict type-checking during the compilation process . If an attempt is made to assign a value of one type to a variable of a different, incompatible type without an explicit type conversion , the compiler will raise an error.

For example, trying to assign a character ('A') to an integer variable declared as int will lead to a compilation error. This mechanism helps catch potential type-related errors early in the development process, ensuring that the program adheres to the specified type rules and preventing unexpected behavior during runtime.

Q. Can I chain multiple assignment operators together in C language?

In the C programming language, it is possible to chain multiple assignment operators together in a single statement. That is, you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line by chaining assignments. For example, the following code is valid in C:

int a, b, c; a = b = c = 5; // This is not allowed in C

This assigns the value 5 to all three variables (a, b, and c). The expression is evaluated from right to left due to the right-associative nature of the assignment operators in C.

Q. Are there any precedence rules for assignment operators?

Yes, there are precedence rules for assignment operators in C language. The assignment operator (=) has a lower precedence than most other operators. This means that when an expression contains both assignment and other operators, the assignment will be performed after the evaluation of the other operators.

For example:

int a, b, c; a = b = c = 5 + 3 * 2;

In this example, the multiplication (*) has higher precedence than the assignment (=). So, 3 * 2 is evaluated first, resulting in 6. Then, 5 + 6 is evaluated, resulting in 11. Finally, the assignment is performed from right to left, so c, b, and a will all be assigned the value 11.

It's important to note that associativity also plays a role. The assignment operators in C are right-associative, which means that when multiple assignments appear in a row, they are evaluated from right to left. In the example above, c = 5 + 3 * 2 is evaluated first, followed by b = c, and finally a = b.

Now that you know all about assignment operators in C, check out some other interesting topics:

Increment And Decrement Operators In C With Precedence (+Examples)
Keywords In C Language | Properties, Usage, Examples & Detailed Explanation
Pointers In C | Ultimate Guide With Easy Explanations (+Examples)
Ternary (Conditional) Operator In C Explained With Code Examples
For Loop In C | Structure, Working & Variations With Code Examples

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Home » Learn C Programming from Scratch » C Assignment Operators

C Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you’ll learn about the C assignment operators and how to use them effectively.

Introduction to the C assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable:

After the assignmment, the counter variable holds the number 1.

The following example adds 1 to the counter and assign the result to the counter:

The = assignment operator is called a simple assignment operator. It assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.

Besides the simple assignment operator, C supports compound assignment operators. A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

The following example uses a compound-assignment operator (+=):

The expression:

is equivalent to the following expression:

The following table illustrates the compound-assignment operators in C:

A simple assignment operator assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.
A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

C Programming Tutorial

Basics of C

C - Overview
C - Features
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Operators in C

C - Operators
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C - Assignment Operators
C - Unary Operators
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C - sizeof Operator
C - Operator Precedence
C - Misc Operators

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C - Decision Making
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Assignment Operators in C

What Are Assignment Operators?

Before we jump in, let's understand what assignment operators are. Think of them as the equals sign (=) you used in math class, but with superpowers! They're used to assign values to variables in your programs. But in C, they can do much more than just simple assignments.

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

Let's start with the basics – the simple assignment operator. It's the foundation of all assignment operations in C.

How It Works

The simple assignment operator is represented by the equals sign (=). It takes the value on the right side and assigns it to the variable on the left side.

Here's a simple example:

In this code, we're declaring an integer variable called age and then assigning it the value 25. It's as simple as that!

Multiple Assignments

You can also chain assignments together. Let's look at an example:

This code assigns the value 10 to all three variables: x, y, and z. It works from right to left, so first z gets 10, then y gets the value of z (which is 10), and finally x gets the value of y (which is also 10).

Initializing Variables

You can also use the assignment operator when you're declaring variables:

This is a great way to set initial values for your variables right when you create them.

Augmented Assignment Operators

Now, let's level up! Augmented assignment operators are like shortcuts. They perform an operation and an assignment in one step. Let's look at them one by one:

Addition Assignment (+=)

The += operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Subtraction Assignment (-=)

The -= operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Multiplication Assignment (*=)

The *= operator multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Division Assignment (/=)

The /= operator divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Modulus Assignment (%=)

The %= operator calculates the remainder when the left operand is divided by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Bitwise AND Assignment (&=)

The &= operator performs a bitwise AND operation and assigns the result to the left operand.

Bitwise OR Assignment (|=)

The |= operator performs a bitwise OR operation and assigns the result to the left operand.

Bitwise XOR Assignment (^=)

The ^= operator performs a bitwise XOR operation and assigns the result to the left operand.

Left Shift Assignment (<<=)

The <<= operator performs a left shift operation and assigns the result to the left operand.

Right Shift Assignment (>>=)

The >>= operator performs a right shift operation and assigns the result to the left operand.

Summary Table of Assignment Operators

Here's a handy table summarizing all the assignment operators we've covered:

And there you have it! You've just taken a grand tour of assignment operators in C. Remember, practice makes perfect. Try writing some code using these operators, and you'll soon find yourself using them effortlessly.

Happy coding, future C programmers!

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COMMENTS

Assignment Operators in C
1. "=": This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example: a = 10; b = 20; ch = 'y'; 2. "+=": This operator is combination of '+' and '=' operators.This operator first adds the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left.
C Programming: Assignment Operators with Examples
Assignment Operators in C Programming. Overview. In C programming, assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The simple assignment operator is =. ... Example: Here the simple assignment operator = is used to assign a value to a variable. Code: #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 5; // Prefix increment: 'a' is incremented ...
Assignment Operators in C
Assignment Operators in C - In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression. ... Example 3. Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C − ...
Assignment Operators in C with Examples
The left side of an assignment operator is a variable and on the right side, there is a value, variable, or an expression. It computes the outcome of the right side and assign the output to the variable present on the left side. C supports following Assignment operators: 1. Simple Assignment = Operator Example
Assignment Operators in C (All Types With Examples)
Learn all about Assignment Operators in C with detailed explanations, examples, and types. A complete guide to understanding their usage in C programming.
Assignment Operators in C Example
The Assignment operators in C are some of the Programming operators that are useful for assigning the values to the declared variables. Equals (=) operator is the most commonly used assignment operator. For example: int i = 10; The below table displays all the assignment operators present in C Programming with an example.
C Programming Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators in C are used to assign values to the variables. The left side operand is called a variable and the right side operand is the value. The value on the right side of the "=" is assigned to the variable on the left side of "=". In this C tutorial, we'll understand the types of C programming assignment operators with examples.
Assignment Operators In C Explained With Proper Code Examples ...
Output: The value of x is 8. Explanation: In the C code example, we first include the essential header files.. Inside the main() function, we declare an integer variable, x, and initialize it with the value 5 using the simple assignment operator.; Next, we use the addition assignment operator (+=) to add a value 3 to x (variable on the left side) and assign the result back to it.
C Assignment Operators
Summary: in this tutorial, you'll learn about the C assignment operators and how to use them effectively. Introduction to the C assignment operators. An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable:
Assignment Operators in C
Assignment Operators in C. Hello there, future programmers! Today, we're going to dive into the wonderful world of assignment operators in C. Don't worry if you've never written a line of code before - I'm here to guide you through this journey step by step. By the end of this tutorial, you'll be assigning values like a pro!

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Assignment Operators In C | A Complete Guide With Detailed Examples

Table of content:

Table Of Assignment Operators In C

Simple Assignment Operator In C (=)

Compound Assignment Operators In C

Addition Assignment Operator In C (+=)

Subtraction Assignment Operator In C (-=)

Multiplication Assignment Operator In C (*=)

Division Assignment Operator In C (/=)

Modulo Assignment Operator In C (%=)

Bitwise AND Assignment Operator In C (&=)

Bitwise OR Assignment Operator In C (|=)

Left Shift Assignment Operator In C (<<=)

Right Shift Assignment Operator In C (>>=)

Precedence & Associativity Of Assignment Operators In C

Precedence of Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operator Associativity In C

Purpose | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Syntax | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Operation | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Result Type | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Usage | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Precedence | Relational Vs. Assignment Operators In C

Q. What is an assignment operator in C?

Q. What is the difference between a simple assignment operator and a compound assignment operator?

Q. What happens if I use an assignment operator with incompatible types in C?

Q. Can I chain multiple assignment operators together in C language?

Q. Are there any precedence rules for assignment operators?

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C Assignment Operators

Introduction to the C assignment operators

Assignment Operators in C

What Are Assignment Operators?

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

How It Works

Multiple Assignments

Initializing Variables

Augmented Assignment Operators

Addition Assignment (+=)

Subtraction Assignment (-=)

Multiplication Assignment (*=)

Division Assignment (/=)

Modulus Assignment (%=)

Bitwise AND Assignment (&=)

Bitwise OR Assignment (|=)

Bitwise XOR Assignment (^=)

Left Shift Assignment (<<=)

Right Shift Assignment (>>=)

Summary Table of Assignment Operators

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