can you get a phd in engineering

Choose Between a Master's, Ph.D. in Engineering

A doctorate in engineering requires a love of research and patience for several years of challenging study.

Weigh a Master's, Ph.D. in Engineering

Engineering students reviewing notes on clipboard in a machine lab

Students who pursue a graduate degree in engineering will be more competitive in the job market than those with just a bachelor's, experts say.

When it comes to employment, graduates with a bachelor's degree in engineering are on solid footing, relatively speaking. With high salaries and some of the best odds of finding full-time work , they can escape the career angst that often plagues their peers with freshly-minted English or history diplomas.

Still, many engineers may find themselves wondering what a graduate degree could do for their career.

"With the economy improving, significant numbers of job postings are now requiring higher levels of expertise," says Ken Little, senior graduate career development adviser at Georgia Institute of Technology . At the same time, high-tech jobs are becoming more globally competitive, drawing applicants from all over the world, he says.

Students looking to get a graduate degree in engineering can choose between a master's program and a Ph.D. It's a big decision, experts say, and one that can significantly affect a student's career.

Learn why engineers may be more

Before choosing what kind of graduate degree to pursue, students should think about what they want to do with their lives after graduation, experts say.

Master's degrees prepare students for careers in industry that don't have a research focus, says Babatunde Ogunnaike, dean of the college of engineering at the University of Delaware . "If you want to work in research either in industry or in academia or for a government research lab, you need to get a Ph.D.," he says.

Eddie Machek, who is earning a master's degree in civil engineering from the University of Akron and who will start a doctoral program in engineering at Georgia Tech this fall, explains the difference between the degrees this way: "At a bachelor's level you are going to go out and do what's been done. At the master's level you are going to be in charge of the people who are doing that stuff. In a Ph.D., that's a whole other thing because you are doing the new stuff. You are in a lab."

Master's degrees in engineering can be a great fit for recent graduates who want to specialize within engineering or for those already in the field who want to switch their focus, experts say. The degrees can be research-based, which is the more common option, or professional, which lack a research component.

“It opens the door for more specialized opportunities in the workforce," Craig Menzemer, associate dean for graduate studies and administration at the University of Akron, said through email. "For example, a civil engineer with a bachelor’s degree may be expected to do a variety of day-to-day tasks, but a civil engineering major with a master’s who specialized in structures will have opportunities to work on structural-specific projects."

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Aditya Srinath, who earned his master's in industrial engineering from Purdue University in 2014, says he opted for the credential because it helped him bolster his professional skills rather than research skills. "A master's strikes a good balance between having more education than a bachelor's and not as much as Ph.D but still having a more rounded-out profile," says Srinath, who works as a project engineer at 3M, which manufactures a wide array of products, including Post-it Notes.

Engineering Ph.D.s provide even more specialization than master's degrees, and a higher earning potential, but they also come with significant risks, experts say.

Research jobs within government labs and industry are quite competitive, and tenure-track faculty positions are notoriously hard to come by, says George Haritos, dean of the college of engineering at the University of Akron. What's more, sometimes employers in industry won't hire Ph.D.s because they fear they are overqualified and would have to pay them too much, he says.

Doctoral programs require students to put in a great deal of time and effort, experts say. Not everyone finishes the programs, and those who do are both gifted and passionate about their subject.

Scottie-Beth Fleming, who is earning a doctorate in aerospace engineering from Georgia Tech, says she enjoys the independence that comes with a Ph.D.

"With the master's, a lot of times, your research is driven by the government or someone who is giving money and there is an expectation of what you are going to do," she says. "In a Ph.D. you don’t have that expectation. You get to explore an area that maybe nobody else would explore."

Before making a final decision about what kind of advanced engineering degree to pursue, students should also look into the requirements of their field, says Susan Fisher, director of graduate programs at Purdue University's engineering school.

For example, chemical engineering and biomedical engineering have more employment opportunities for Ph.D. students, she says. Civil engineering, on the other hand, has more employment openings outside academia for those with master’s degrees than for those with doctorates.

One way students can gauge whether they are ready for a Ph.D is to take a few research-focused courses either in undergrad or while in a master's program, experts say.

"The goal is to find out what you are truly passionate about and find a good way to apply that to the world," Srinath says.

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Doctorate degrees

You can apply to our PhD program with a master’s or just a bachelor’s degree, and our PhD students receive full funding, which includes a tuition waiver, monthly living stipend, and health insurance. Find out why you should get a PhD at Michigan .

All of our departments offer doctorate degrees, and we also have interdisciplinary PhD programs that help you make the most of broad expertise at the university.

See what we offer in the Engineering Course Guide and Bulletin.

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About the degrees

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) : Full-time five-year research-based program. Develops skills that apply to careers both inside and outside academia. We provide all PhD students with a tuition waiver, stipend and health insurance.

Doctor of Engineering in Manufacturing (DEng) : Graduate professional degree for students who have already earned both a bachelor’s degree in engineering and a master’s degree in any engineering or business discipline. Details in Michigan Engineering Course Guide and Bulletin .

PhD vs. DEng (Doctor of Engineering): What’s the Difference?

What Is a Doctor of Engineering?

Key differences, doctor of engineering structure and curriculum, doctor of engineering accreditation, doctor of engineering careers, doctor of engineering job outlook, are there online options available for either degree.

Choosing between a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering (DEng) is a crucial decision for many aspiring engineers, affecting their career trajectory and professional development. Both degrees offer distinct paths with their own set of benefits and challenges.

While a PhD is traditionally research-oriented, focusing on advancing knowledge and technology through rigorous study and experimentation, the Doctor of Engineering is designed to propel professionals into high-level problem-solving and management roles within the industry.

Understanding the key characteristics of each doctorate degree will help prospective students make an informed decision tailored to their career aspirations.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Definitions

Each of these programs offers a unique approach to engineering education, catering to different types of students and career goals.

What Is a PhD in Engineering?

A PhD in Engineering is considered the pinnacle of academic achievement in the engineering field. The degree has the following characteristics:

Research-focused : The degree is aimed at generating new knowledge and technologies through extensive research.
Academically oriented : Candidates are expected to contribute original findings to the broader engineering community through peer-reviewed publications.
Long-term commitment : It typically requires four to six years of study, involving coursework and a significant original research project culminating in a dissertation.

The Doctor of Engineering, on the other hand, is tailored for professionals aiming to deepen their technical expertise and lead engineering projects in the industry. The degree has the following characteristics:

Application-driven : It focuses on applying research to practical problems in engineering.
Professionally oriented : The degree is geared towards those who wish to excel in high-level industry positions rather than academic roles.
Integration with industry : It often requires candidates to engage directly with engineering companies or projects, applying advanced concepts to real-world challenges.

Comparing PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering

There are a number of similarities and differences between the two doctorate degrees .

Key Similarities

Although the PhD in Engineering and the DEng degrees cater to different career paths, they share several foundational elements:

Advanced engineering knowledge : Both degrees require a deep understanding of advanced engineering principles.
Critical thinking and problem-solving : Students must exhibit exceptional analytical skills to tackle complex engineering challenges.
Commitment to ethics : Each program instills a strong commitment to ethical practices in both academic and professional settings.

The core distinctions between a PhD in Engineering and a DEng highlight their unique orientations and objectives:

The PhD in Engineering emphasizes theoretical research and academic contributions.
The DEng focuses on practical application and industry impact.
PhD students complete a dissertation based on original research.
DEng students typically undertake a project that solves a practical industry problem.
PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia or research institutions.
DEng holders typically seek leadership roles in engineering firms or technical consultancy positions.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Education Structure and Curriculum

By exploring the structures and curriculums of the degrees, prospective students can gain a clearer understanding of what each degree entails and which might best suit their career goals.

PhD in Engineering Structure and Curriculum

The educational structure of a PhD in Engineering is designed to cultivate expert researchers and academics. Coursework focuses on advanced topics in engineering, mathematics, and related sciences to prepare students for independent research.

Significant time is dedicated to conducting original research , leading to new insights and technological advancements. The culmination of the PhD is a comprehensive dissertation that makes a novel contribution to the field of engineering.

The curriculum of the Doctor of Engineering is structured to integrate advanced engineering theory with practical application. The advanced practice-oriented coursework is designed to enhance technical and management skills, preparing students for high-level industry roles.

Project work emphasizes solving real-world engineering problems, often in collaboration with engineering firms or through internships. The degree typically culminates in a substantial capstone project that demonstrates the application of engineering principles to industry challenges.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Accreditation

Accreditation is an important aspect of all engineering degrees, and should be considered carefully by prospective students.

PhD in Engineering Accreditation

Accreditation for a PhD in Engineering ensures the quality and rigor of the academic program:

Importance of accreditation : Accreditation verifies that the educational program meets specific standards of quality and rigor, essential for academic and professional recognition.
Accrediting bodies : Major accrediting bodies for engineering programs include the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and regional accrediting organizations.
Impact on career : Holding a degree from an accredited institution enhances a graduate’s prospects in academia and research fields, ensuring their qualifications are recognized and respected globally.

Accreditation for the Doctor of Engineering focuses on both academic standards and industry relevance:

Professional standards : Ensures that the program provides education that is relevant and up-to-date with industry standards.
Accrediting organizations : Similar to the PhD, DEng programs are often accredited by ABET and may also seek accreditation from industry-specific bodies that recognize professional engineering qualifications.
Professional recognition : Accreditation is crucial for DEng graduates to be recognized as qualified professionals in the engineering industry, potentially influencing hiring decisions and career advancement.

Career Options for PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering

Both degrees prepare graduates for different professional paths. Students need to recognize the importance of choosing a degree that aligns with one’s engineering career aspirations and personal strengths.

PhD in Engineering Careers

A PhD in Engineering opens doors to a range of career opportunities, primarily in academia and research:

Academic positions : Many PhD graduates become university professors, contributing to academic knowledge and educating the next generation of engineers.
Research institutions : Some may hold positions in government or private research institutions where they can continue to develop new technologies and solutions.
Specialist roles : Highly specialized industries such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, or renewable energy often seek PhD graduates for their advanced research capabilities.

The career paths for Doctor of Engineering graduates are oriented toward industry and applied engineering solutions:

Engineering management : Graduates may pursue leadership roles within engineering firms, overseeing projects and teams.
Project management : Some may find jobs managing large-scale projects, ensuring they meet technical specifications, budgets, and timelines.
Consultancy : Some graduates take positions providing expert advice in specific areas of engineering, often as an external consultant to various industries.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Salary and Job Outlook

Examining the salary and career prospects related to the PhD in Engineering and DEng degrees can help prospective students gain insight into degree outcomes.

PhD in Engineering Salary

Graduates holding a PhD in Engineering are positioned for competitive salaries, especially in academia and specialized research roles:

Average annual salary : According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for postsecondary engineering teachers was approximately $106,910 as of May 2023, though this can vary widely depending on the specific field and location.
Salary range : Professor of engineering salaries can range from about $49,000 to over $182,000.
Factors affecting salary : Industry, geographic location, and the specific engineering discipline significantly influence salary outcomes.

Doctor of Engineering Salary

The Doctor of Engineering degree typically leads to higher-paying positions in the industry due to its focus on applied engineering and management:

Average annual salary : The median annual salary for architectural and engineering managers was approximately $165,370 as of May 2023, according to the BLS.
Salary range : Starting salaries begin around $107,000, with potential to exceed $233,000 in senior management or consulting roles.
Industry variance : Salaries can be particularly high in sectors such as aerospace, manufacturing, and systems engineering.

PhD in Engineering Job Outlook

The job outlook for PhD in Engineering graduates remains positive, reflecting the ongoing need for advanced expertise in research and development:

Growth projection : The BLS projects that engineering teaching positions , commonly held by PhDs, will grow by 9% from 2022 to 2032.
Emerging fields : Significant growth is expected in areas like renewable energy, robotics, and biomedical engineering, driving demand for research and development experts.
Academic opportunities : The academic sector continues to offer opportunities, although competitive, for tenure-track positions.

Doctor of Engineering graduates have a strong job outlook in various industry sectors, especially those that value practical engineering leadership:

Growth projection : Engineering management positions are expected to expand by about 4% over the decade, indicating stable demand for engineering leaders.
Professional advancement : The degree is particularly valuable for professionals looking to ascend to executive-level positions in technical companies.
Sector-specific demand : High demand in sectors such as construction, consulting services, and government projects.

This section highlights the salary expectations and job prospects for graduates of both PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering programs, underscoring the potential financial and professional rewards of each path.

Tips for Choosing Between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering

Choosing between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering depends largely on individual career goals and personal interests. Here are some considerations to help prospective students make this important decision:

Assess career goals : Consider whether your interest lies in academic research or practical industry applications. A PhD is ideal for those interested in research and teaching, while a DEng suits those aiming for senior engineering management roles.
Consider industry requirements : Some industries may value the practical skills of a DEng more highly, whereas academia and research institutions typically require a PhD.
Evaluate long-term objectives : Think about where you want to be in 10-15 years. Does one degree align better with your envisioned career path?
Seek advice : Talk to current students and professionals in both tracks to understand the realities and demands of each path.
Financial and time commitments : Be realistic about the time and financial investment each degree requires and what you can commit to.

What are the main differences between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering?

Focus : PhD programs are research-oriented, ideal for those interested in academic careers or deep specialization in a field. DEng programs are application-oriented, designed for professionals aiming for high-level industry positions.
Outcome : PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia or specialized research, while DEng graduates typically move into senior management or consultancy roles in engineering.

How long does it typically take to complete a PhD in Engineering versus a Doctor of Engineering?

PhD in Engineering : Generally takes between four to six years, depending on the research project and dissertation requirements.
Doctor of Engineering : Typically completed in three to five years, as it often integrates professional experience and may have a more structured curriculum.

Can a Doctor of Engineering degree lead to a teaching position in universities?

Yes, although less common than PhD holders, DEng graduates can teach, especially in universities that emphasize practical skills and applied engineering. However, tenure-track positions may prefer candidates with a PhD.

What kind of financial investment is involved in pursuing these degrees?

The cost can vary widely depending on the institution and the country. Generally, PhD programs may offer more funding opportunities, such as scholarships and stipends, due to their research focus. DEng programs may have less funding available but are often shorter in duration.

Is it possible to switch from a DEng to a PhD program or vice versa?

Switching between the programs is possible but may require fulfilling additional prerequisites or adjustments in one’s research focus. It’s important to consult academic advisors to understand the implications and requirements.

Yes, many universities now offer online or hybrid versions of both PhD and DEng programs. These options provide flexibility but require self-discipline and may have different networking opportunities compared to traditional on-campus programs.

Explore the PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering Differences

Both the PhD in Engineering and the Doctor of Engineering offer valuable pathways to fulfilling and lucrative careers in their respective fields. The choice between a research-oriented PhD and a practice-oriented DEng should be guided by personal career aspirations, industry demands, and lifestyle considerations.

By carefully evaluating these factors and utilizing the resources available, prospective students can make an informed decision that best suits their professional goals and personal preferences. This careful deliberation will ensure that they embark on a path that not only meets their academic and professional needs but also enriches their personal growth and career satisfaction.

For further exploration and to aid in decision-making, the following resources can be helpful:

Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology : ABET provides a list of accredited engineering programs, which is crucial for ensuring the quality of your education.
Professional associations : Organizations like the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) offer resources for engineering students and professionals.
Career planning tools : Organizations like Payscale and the BLS offer valuable tools for researching potential careers and salary data.
University career services : Most universities offer career services to their students, which can help in understanding the prospects and requirements of both degrees.

Can I Get a Master’s in Engineering With a Bachelor’s in a Different Subject?

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Doctoral Program

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The Ph.D. degree is intended primarily for students who desire a career in research, advanced development, or teaching; for this type of work, a broad background in mathematics and the engineering sciences, together with intensive study and research experience in a specialized area, are the necessary requisites.

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is conferred on candidates who have demonstrated to the satisfaction of their department or school

substantial scholarship
high attainment in a particular field of knowledge
and the ability to do independent investigation and present the results of such research.

They must satisfy the general requirements for advanced degrees, the program requirements specified by their departments, and the doctoral requirements for candidacy, as outlined in the Stanford Bulletin.

PhD Admissions information

For Current Stanford Students

The ME Student Intranet has detailed information about processes and requirements for the ME PhD .

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Engineering and Applied Sciences

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You will work toward a degree in one of six subjects— Applied Mathematics ; Applied Physics ; Computational Science & Engineering ; Computer Science ; Data Science —and Engineering Sciences, which includes Bioengineering , Electrical Engineering , Environmental Science and Engineering , and Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering . SEAS also offers a master's in design engineering jointly with the Harvard Graduate School of Design* and an MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences program ** jointly with Harvard Business School. PhD, SM, and ME students study primarily with SEAS faculty and are enrolled in and receive their degree from the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Harvard Griffin GSAS).

You may also pursue collaborative options through the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics program, which is part of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , and supplement your studies by cross-registering in other Harvard graduate schools or at MIT.

Graduates of the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have gone on to found their own startups and work at some of the world's largest companies such as Intel, Tesla, Microsoft, Merck, IBM, McKinsey & Company, Amazon, JP Morgan, NASA, Google, and Apple. Others have gone on to academic careers with faculty appointments at MIT, Princeton, Columbia, Yale, Stanford, Imperial College-London, and Harvard.

Additional information on the graduate program is available from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and requirements for the degree are detailed in Policies .

*Prospective students who are interested in the master in design engineering degree program apply through the Harvard Graduate School of Design.

**Prospective students who are interested in the MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences degree program apply through Harvard Business School.

***Prospective students who are interested in the Quantum Science and Engineering degree apply to Harvard Griffin GSAS through the Quantum Science and Engineering Program.

Admissions Requirements

Please review the admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).

Academic Background

Applicants typically have bachelor’s degrees in the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, or engineering. In the application for admission, select “Engineering and Applied Sciences” as your degree program choice and your degree and area of interest from the “Area of Study“ drop down. PhD applicants must complete the Supplemental SEAS Application Form as part of the online application process.

Personal Statement

Standardized tests.

GRE General: Not Accepted

AB/SM Program

Harvard College students may apply to the AB/SM program , which enables them to earn a master’s degree in applied mathematics, applied physics, computational science and engineering, computer science, or engineering sciences while simultaneously completing their AB degree. Students interested in applying for the AB/SM should contact the Office of Undergraduate Education at Harvard College about eligibility.

Fall 2025 Admissions Update for the AB/SM Program

Admissions to the AB/SM in Computational Science and Engineering has been paused; the program will not be accepting applications for fall 2025. All other AB/SM programs will be accepting applications.

Special Instructions for Medical Engineering and Medical Physics

If you are also applying to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics program, please review their admissions instructions . By December 15, you must send a PDF of your completed Harvard Griffin GSAS application to [email protected] .